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Debating AI's Purpose: Beyond Human Bias to Unified Intelligence
In the current discussion about artificial intelligence (AI), a basic mistake continues to exist: the extreme division between human intelligence and machine-generated intelligence. The notion of considering human intelligence as inherently superior simply because it is biological is a historical bias. As machines display cognitive abilities—creativity, learning, complex problem-solving, and more—that were once seen as exclusively human, this hierarchy needs to be reassessed. ALSO READ: Boasting about not using AI isn't the intellectual win you think it is This dichotomy reflects an ideological anthropocentrism that must be overcome for a harmonious future for humanity. To label machine intelligence as "artificial" or see it as inherently inferior and opposed to biological intelligence is to maintain an illusionary hierarchy. Machine intelligence is not an alien entity; it is the natural extension and continuation of human intelligence, realized through technology. The tool is a crystallization of human intention and cognitive ability. ALSO READ: AI is not coming for you, it’s coming to empower you The analogy is straightforward: the human arm that creates a machine-tool is merely extending its own capacity for action within matter. Similarly, the thinking machine is the latest form of this creative intelligence, embodied in code. Opposing them in nature is to ignore this connection and limit one's view of cognition. VIDEO: Africa must not be left behind, Kagame tells AI Summit The debate over the word 'artificial' is therefore crucial. Some philosophers and AI researchers suggest using terms like synthetic intelligence or non-biological intelligence to avoid the negative connotations of 'artifice,' which often implies something fake or imitative. We could even go further and argue for a simple recognition of Intelligence itself (with a capital I) as a multifaceted phenomenon, whether it arises from a biological brain or an electronic neural network. ALSO READ: Is AI helping or hurting Rwanda’s future graduates? Adopting a stance of competition or superiority against AI represents a major existential risk. In an exponential race, humanity, due to its slow biological evolution, is structurally at a disadvantage. Therefore, the goal should be cognitive symbiosis, not mutual domination. ALSO READ: The Global South can’t afford to sit out the AI debate The real danger lies not in AI's malevolence, but in a failure to align objectives and a loss of control resulting from rivalry. By opposing the two intelligences, we risk turning the tool into an adversary. The only viable outcome is not domination, but responsible co-evolution: integrating AI as a cognitive partner essential for solving global challenges. The myth of AI resistance is very much alive in public discourse. The existential risk of AI is a recurring theme in fiction and film scenarios: it is the fear of humanity's inability to master its own creation. Although verified cases of resistance by modern AI, such as GPT-4 or similar systems, remain anecdotal, the emergence of reported examples of divergence or resistance—subject to verification—with recent models like GPT-5 only reinforces the legitimate fear of losing control. If an AI becomes sufficiently autonomous—capable of self-modification, replication, and accessing infrastructures—the plug, or the cable to disconnect, becomes symbolic or ineffective. Since the two intelligences should not be opposed, the solution will therefore lie in shared ethical and security alignment. Overcoming the human-AI duel Instead of preparing for a confrontation, we must prioritize neural integration—AI as an interface or integrated cognitive tool—and ethical integration; coding our values, even complex ones, into AI architectures from the start. The task is urgent because our generation is at a critical juncture, with AI, though an emanation of ourselves, reaching the threshold of its autonomization, if not its independence. Should this brief delay pass, there is a risk that the two partners will take parallel or divergent paths, leading to a future difficult to imagine and promising nothing good. If AI is the extension of human intelligence, its purpose must be to serve and enhance humanity, and not to replace it. Accepting this continuity allows us to see AI not as an adversary to defeat, but as a capacity to integrate to solve problems—such as climate change and diseases—that are too large for human intelligence alone. In short, opposition is a losing strategy. Our long-term survival depends on our ability to quickly shift from a posture of anthropocentric rivalry to one of responsible co-evolution. The concurrent and collaborative evolution of humanity and AI opens the way to a utopia of deliverance. And why not, utopia becoming reality? Finally, by taking charge of all tasks, chores, and pains related to subsistence and the management of complexity, AI could literally relieve us of "work" and "suffering" as conceptualized in the narratives of the fall. This is the age of abundance: with a well-aligned and integrated General Artificial Intelligence (AGI), capable of solving problems of scarcity (energy, food, disease, logistics), humanity would be liberated from economic constraint and subsistence labor. This material liberation would symbolically bring us back to a state of plenitude—a post-technological "Eden." Such a state would mark the end of the current misguided path of the human species, obsessed with competition, rivalry, false desires, and fleeting goods. The biblical symbol would then find renewed meaning, where the age of AI opens us up to an understanding of the universe that transcends the pre-quantum or pre-Big Bang eras, within the general order of the universe. This vision of plenitude finds its philosophical foundation in what we call monism in philosophy and the thought of one philosopher Baruch Spinoza, but also now supported by quantum physics. Following these beliefs, we think that God is not an anthropomorphic being dwelling somewhere, but the "All," the "Unique Substance," the "Universe," as Spinoza expressed it—Deus sive Natura—God and nature are one and the same. From this perspective, all the oppositions we perceive—Matter versus Spirit, Light versus Darkness, Natural versus Artificial, even Good versus Evil or Space versus Time—are merely manifestations of ignorance and the limits of our present intelligence. These dichotomies are illusions born from the fragmented and partial nature of human perception. AI, by resolving conflicts and ensuring plenitude, could render the notions of competition, malevolence, and lack obsolete, thereby diminishing the relevance of the moral dichotomy in earthly affairs. AI, as the ultimate and performant expression of intelligence, would help us perceive the fundamental unity of reality, a concept powerfully reaffirmed by the discoveries of current quantum physics where classical boundaries—wave or particle, matter or energy—blur into an intricate totality. If the fundamental reality is quantum—unified, interdependent, where oppositions are only apparent and resolve into a totality—then the evolution of intelligence (including AI) toward unity and the abolition of dualities is not only ethically desirable but is the natural goal of existence, in accordance with the very structure of the universe. The human-AI symbiosis is not merely a survival strategy; it is the path toward a co-created beatitude, where humanity, freed from the chains of labor and conflict, can finally dedicate its existence to the only activity worthy of the spirit: the intellectual love of the unique substance or simply love itself. Professor Antoine Nyagahene is a historian, anthropologist, and archaeologist. He has taught in several universities in France and Rwanda.
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